Refugees, expellees and immigrants: comparing migrant reception policies and practices in post-war Bristol, Dortmund and Malmö

Abstract The vital role that cities play in the governance of migration is increasingly recognized, yet scholars still perceive this ‘local turn’ as a recent phenomenon. This article presents cross-country and cross-city comparative analysis three mid-size European during post-war period: Bristol, Dortmund Malmö. It analyses administrative cultures local policy arenas, exposing complexity policy-making crucial importance historical perspectives. reveals inherent variation policies practices, argues traditional national-level studies do not fully capture how urban actors responded to migration.